BRM on "Good Booking"
Posted: Nov 30th, '18, 13:59
This came out of a debate on ROHWorld about the current product, so many of the illustrative examples come from that, but I think the general rules apply anywhere.
I’m going to do this as a list because I think it will be easier than writing it out and getting lost in prose. Good booking does the following things (in no particular order):
1. Good booking treats the titles as important
This means title shots are earned, via winning several matches in a row or maybe some sort of big battle royale or by pinning the champion in non-title action, and such things are followed up on quickly, unless there is a kayfabe reason not to (in which case that reason should be part of the story). Former champions also shouldn’t wait months and months and months before asking for their rematches (again, unless there is a kayfabe reason to do so).
This also means that title shots should be made to feel like major occurrences, not just a thing we do just to have one, or because you’ve got a bunch of undercard guys you’re not doing anything with on a show so you throw them in a #1 contendership match for a title shot later in the night where no one thinks there is going to be a snowball’s chance in hell of the title changing hands. It also means no comedy in title matches. These are important championships in a sport. You don’t see four guys just drop the basketball and start dancing in the middle of an NBA Finals game, do you?
2. Good booking develops characters and gives you a reason to care about them other than just “Guy X does cool movez.”
It gives you reasons to care about these people and their journeys, and guides them in directions that change over time. WAY too many wrestlers (and especially talented young ones) have come through ROH over the past few years and gone nowhere because they didn’t have characters so much as Delirious just had a rough idea of what they were supposed to be and that’s it (Rush, Gresham, Dijak, Jay White, Shane Taylor, ACH, I’ll even throw Rhett Titus in here, etc., there was a point when you could have even made this case for Dalton Castle. Even Matt Sydal just came in and did nothing for a year).
3. Good booking is internally consistent
This has several facets to it. Firstly, it is consistent in its own morality. Something can’t be wrong when a heel does it but okay when a babyface does. To pull an example from New Japan, what makes Jay White despicable when he kicks someone in the nuts, but when Yano does it it’s all in good fun? You can’t have the babyface announcer screaming bloody murder when one heel Briscoe helps another, but giggling in mirth when Bullet Club does their stupid “ten boots!” spot, or playing Bobby Heenan when a babyface cheats. If a low blow is dirty when Adam Cole does it to Jay Lethal (RFTS: London) then it’s also dirty when one of the Boys does it to a Briscoe (BITW 2017). Unless the circumstances are extremely stacked against him/her, someone who cheats is not a babyface.
(Side note: I don’t totally subscribe to the “morality play” theory of pro wrestling. I am perfectly fine with heels winning clean and heels winning in the end of the feud, but I still firmly believe that one who is a cheater or is in some other way unlikable is not a babyface.)
Good booking is also consistent in the rules of the promotion. You can’t change the rules in every match (and certainly not during a match) based on what spots the wrestlers want to do. If your promotion has count-outs, you can’t be brawling on the outside forever unless someone is always rolling into the ring to break it up. You could say that this is not a “booking” thing so much as a wrestling thing, but a good booker will order his/her wrestlers to follow the rules, and punish them if they don’t.
(Theoretically you could establish that one ref is more lenient than another on count-outs or something like that, but even then you need to take time developing that and have that stay consistent every time that ref is out there. Things can’t change simply because the plot needs them to change at this exact moment.)
This also means that if something happens in one situation, it needs to happen in an analogous one. If you’re going to have a referee restart a match due to something he didn’t see himself (like Flip’s foot being on the ropes at Honor For All) then you need to also have the referee restart a match in any other situation where someone trustworthy is telling him he blew the call (i.e. every other heel finish ever). Or if management is going to get in such a tizzy about SCU jumping people before matches to that point that they come right out and announce “we’re not going to renew your contracts when they expire” because of it, then they should react that way to all of the heels who jump people. It can’t be a great thing when Jay Lethal takes the belt and defends it overseas but when heel Cody Rhodes threatens to do it I’m supposed to panic because “oh no! What if Cody loses the belt to someone from another promotion?!”
4. Good booking never forgets the premise
A professional wrestling promotion is supposed to be a professional combat sports league, and that premise carries with it certain requirements.
Firstly, the results of your matches need to matter. It doesn’t matter how popular the Montreal Canadians are; if they don’t earn a playoff spot and the Arizona Coyotes do, the Coyotes get that playoff spot even though no one gives a sh*t about the Coyotes and Montreal has one of the biggest fanbases in the NHL. There is zero excuse for Jay White being undefeated in ROH for EIGHT MONTHS and not ever getting a title shot. In-ring success should always bring rewards, and one who often fails in the ring should not be getting rewards simply because of his/her history (merely not being released after a bunch of losses in a row is more than enough of an acknowledgement of someone’s years of service).
This also means that the promotion should always do its best to right any wrongs. A dirty finish should be followed up on (and especially if it’s in a title match). There shouldn’t have been a reason for Matt Taven to even have to introduce his own title belt or go on these crazy conspiracy rants because ROH should have booked Matt Taven vs. Jay Lethal for the ROH World Title of their own initiative over the summer because Taven is completely in the right when he points out that he did, in fact, pin ROH World Champion Dalton Castle during a title match but the referee was down.
This also means that a promotion needs to act like a real professional combat sports promotion would if something comes up. There is no reason it should have taken MONTHS for Bully Ray to be removed from his position as “ROH Enforcer,” no reason the promotion should be allowing Matt Taven to refuse to wrestle right before his match and substitute Vinny Marseglia in his place in a match with no notice, and no reason the company should seem to just shrug its shoulders every time someone cheats instead of booking some sort of follow-up match in an attempt to correct the injustice. There is also no reason that when someone like The Addiction or The Kingdom come out and whine about a conspiracy against them, that someone from management has never come out and explained to us why the heels claiming to be conspired against are wrong. If such a thing happened in any real sport, the league would immediately put out a statement of some sort.
This also ties in with things like consistent applications of the rules, and things like people actually thinking Brandi Rhodes would be allowed to just put on a referee’s shirt and become a sanctioned referee.
5. Good booking tells its stories in a consistent manner
If something is the story in the beginning of an angle, that story cannot change without some sort of precipitating factor on-screen. For example, this year’s story with SCU has been that Joe Koff announced that ROH would not be renewing SCU’s contracts because they were being giant assholes and attacking people and doing other such horrible things, and thus SCU were trying to win and keep championships so that when their contracts ran out at the end of the year they would have leverage over ROH to force ROH to resign them. Then, at some point over the summer, SCU suddenly started getting cheered and so the angle then became that we all want to see SCU win titles and not lose them so that these wonderful and talented wrestlers aren’t forced to leave ROH, with no one seeming to remember that the story was something else entirely a mere few months ago. These two realities are not compatible. If SCU have changed their ways then why hasn’t Koff come out and said so and said that ROH would be happy to resign such talented wrestlers? Not doing so basically makes Koff a heel authority figure, threatening to not resign guys simply because he holds a grudge against them.
Or take the case of the Gresham/Lethal Ironman match. During the match, the announcers kept trying to tell some sort of story that Gresham hurt his leg in their first match and “Gresham came back too early” for their second match because “you don’t get many chances to face a guy like Jay Lethal” and was thus not at 100% for their second match and this caused him to lose. The problem is that this story did not exist during their second match, as Gresham’s knee was not really mentioned as an issue and it was, in fact Lethal who came into the match with an unhealed injury that Gresham worked over. Furthermore, the idea that Gresham “came back early” for “the chance to face Jay Lethal” is contrary to the evidence because Gresham wrestled several matches for ROH in the month before that during which the injured knee was not an issue for him at all. The story build to the Lethal vs. Gresham Ironman match is thus exposed as something extremely clumsily imposed in hindsight and doesn’t even mesh with the continuity. And stuff like this, where the company either doesn’t think I am smart enough to remember something from a few months ago or they don’t care if I remember it or not and are just too lazy to make sure their own storylines fit the continuity is something that I do find very insulting as a viewer.
6. Good booking follows the rule of “show; don’t tell.”
Pro wrestling- both on the micro level of the individual match and the macro level of big-picture booking- is storytelling, so important rules of storytelling like “show; don’t tell” apply. If MCMG are “mentoring” young guys like Gresham, Rush Dijak, etc. then actually show me segments where MCMG mentor them. If Cody and Scurll’s arguing is supposedly causing problems for Bullet Club then show me it causing an actual problem with actual negative consequences, like causing them to lose a match. If Adam Page is becoming a main-event talent then treat him like a main eventer and actually let him wrestle a singles match main event.
“Show; don’t tell” also applies in other ways than just the obvious. They have been a bit better lately, but it was often the case over the past few years that unless it was a main eventer, we wouldn’t hear the wrestlers cut promos but would instead be informed of their feelings by the announcers. Second-hand promos are never as powerful because not only is it not the wrestler’s own words, but hearing and seeing the wrestler articulate his/her problems helps show us that these feelings are important simply by virtue of it being given the airtime (never mind helping wrestlers develop their promo skills).
Also- this one should be obvious but unfortunately in ROH in the past few years it hasn’t been- the storyline needs to mesh with the visual evidence we are being shown. If Colt Cabana is going to turn on Dalton Castle because he thinks Dalton Castle is causing their tag team to lose by spending too much time farting around with Boys during matches, then you need to actually have them lose some matches because Dalton is farting around with the Boys instead of paying attention.
7. Good booking follows up on events in a logical manner.
This obviously overlaps with some of the things I’ve said above, but, for example, if the Young Bucks are clearly trying to kick Cody out of Bullet Club at Supercard of Honor XII then there needs to be some follow-up with Cody and the Bucks that explains how Cody is still in Bullet Club. If the Briscoes try to choke Daniels to death with a chain, then there should be some sort of gimmick match booked. If Matt Taven is claiming to be the real ROH World Champion and attacks Jay Lethal from behind on a PPV, then Lethal should be demanding a match with Taven to get his revenge.
8. Good booking answers as many questions and closes as many logic holes as possible.
Just like in any non-comedic storytelling endeavor, the fewer times I am saying “wait, this doesn’t make sense because X,” the better the job you are doing. If you get paid to book a wrestling promotion, you should be doing a good enough job that things aren’t jumping out at me as not making sense on a frequent basis. And this goes for everything from what matches are being booked to why SCU would voluntarily put the ROH World Six-Man Tag Team Titles on the line against The Kingdom when their angle is that they need to remain champions to have leverage to force ROH to resign them (and why they never tried to use their rematch clause, or any other number of things).
9. I don’t really have a good heading for this one, but over the past few years, there have been a lot of stories that either kept dragging on without ever going anywhere or ideas that got pretty quickly recycled. This Cheeseburger vs. The Dawgs feud, the Josh Woods vs. Shane Taylor, and the Rebellion vs. Seek & Destroy feud are examples of the former, while examples of the latter include “Cody is a free agent and him winning the title would be bad,” Shane Taylor “changing his ways,” the entire existence of The Cabinet and The Rebellion (they spent months saying they were “protesting” not being given opportunities by ROH but never once did they elaborate on this, or did anyone from ROH ever try to argue that they were wrong with concrete examples), or heels complaining about a “conspiracy” against them (first The Addiction, and now The Kingdom). That sort of meandering on such a frequent basis is, to me, the sign of a struggling booker.
Thoughts?
I’m going to do this as a list because I think it will be easier than writing it out and getting lost in prose. Good booking does the following things (in no particular order):
1. Good booking treats the titles as important
This means title shots are earned, via winning several matches in a row or maybe some sort of big battle royale or by pinning the champion in non-title action, and such things are followed up on quickly, unless there is a kayfabe reason not to (in which case that reason should be part of the story). Former champions also shouldn’t wait months and months and months before asking for their rematches (again, unless there is a kayfabe reason to do so).
This also means that title shots should be made to feel like major occurrences, not just a thing we do just to have one, or because you’ve got a bunch of undercard guys you’re not doing anything with on a show so you throw them in a #1 contendership match for a title shot later in the night where no one thinks there is going to be a snowball’s chance in hell of the title changing hands. It also means no comedy in title matches. These are important championships in a sport. You don’t see four guys just drop the basketball and start dancing in the middle of an NBA Finals game, do you?
2. Good booking develops characters and gives you a reason to care about them other than just “Guy X does cool movez.”
It gives you reasons to care about these people and their journeys, and guides them in directions that change over time. WAY too many wrestlers (and especially talented young ones) have come through ROH over the past few years and gone nowhere because they didn’t have characters so much as Delirious just had a rough idea of what they were supposed to be and that’s it (Rush, Gresham, Dijak, Jay White, Shane Taylor, ACH, I’ll even throw Rhett Titus in here, etc., there was a point when you could have even made this case for Dalton Castle. Even Matt Sydal just came in and did nothing for a year).
3. Good booking is internally consistent
This has several facets to it. Firstly, it is consistent in its own morality. Something can’t be wrong when a heel does it but okay when a babyface does. To pull an example from New Japan, what makes Jay White despicable when he kicks someone in the nuts, but when Yano does it it’s all in good fun? You can’t have the babyface announcer screaming bloody murder when one heel Briscoe helps another, but giggling in mirth when Bullet Club does their stupid “ten boots!” spot, or playing Bobby Heenan when a babyface cheats. If a low blow is dirty when Adam Cole does it to Jay Lethal (RFTS: London) then it’s also dirty when one of the Boys does it to a Briscoe (BITW 2017). Unless the circumstances are extremely stacked against him/her, someone who cheats is not a babyface.
(Side note: I don’t totally subscribe to the “morality play” theory of pro wrestling. I am perfectly fine with heels winning clean and heels winning in the end of the feud, but I still firmly believe that one who is a cheater or is in some other way unlikable is not a babyface.)
Good booking is also consistent in the rules of the promotion. You can’t change the rules in every match (and certainly not during a match) based on what spots the wrestlers want to do. If your promotion has count-outs, you can’t be brawling on the outside forever unless someone is always rolling into the ring to break it up. You could say that this is not a “booking” thing so much as a wrestling thing, but a good booker will order his/her wrestlers to follow the rules, and punish them if they don’t.
(Theoretically you could establish that one ref is more lenient than another on count-outs or something like that, but even then you need to take time developing that and have that stay consistent every time that ref is out there. Things can’t change simply because the plot needs them to change at this exact moment.)
This also means that if something happens in one situation, it needs to happen in an analogous one. If you’re going to have a referee restart a match due to something he didn’t see himself (like Flip’s foot being on the ropes at Honor For All) then you need to also have the referee restart a match in any other situation where someone trustworthy is telling him he blew the call (i.e. every other heel finish ever). Or if management is going to get in such a tizzy about SCU jumping people before matches to that point that they come right out and announce “we’re not going to renew your contracts when they expire” because of it, then they should react that way to all of the heels who jump people. It can’t be a great thing when Jay Lethal takes the belt and defends it overseas but when heel Cody Rhodes threatens to do it I’m supposed to panic because “oh no! What if Cody loses the belt to someone from another promotion?!”
4. Good booking never forgets the premise
A professional wrestling promotion is supposed to be a professional combat sports league, and that premise carries with it certain requirements.
Firstly, the results of your matches need to matter. It doesn’t matter how popular the Montreal Canadians are; if they don’t earn a playoff spot and the Arizona Coyotes do, the Coyotes get that playoff spot even though no one gives a sh*t about the Coyotes and Montreal has one of the biggest fanbases in the NHL. There is zero excuse for Jay White being undefeated in ROH for EIGHT MONTHS and not ever getting a title shot. In-ring success should always bring rewards, and one who often fails in the ring should not be getting rewards simply because of his/her history (merely not being released after a bunch of losses in a row is more than enough of an acknowledgement of someone’s years of service).
This also means that the promotion should always do its best to right any wrongs. A dirty finish should be followed up on (and especially if it’s in a title match). There shouldn’t have been a reason for Matt Taven to even have to introduce his own title belt or go on these crazy conspiracy rants because ROH should have booked Matt Taven vs. Jay Lethal for the ROH World Title of their own initiative over the summer because Taven is completely in the right when he points out that he did, in fact, pin ROH World Champion Dalton Castle during a title match but the referee was down.
This also means that a promotion needs to act like a real professional combat sports promotion would if something comes up. There is no reason it should have taken MONTHS for Bully Ray to be removed from his position as “ROH Enforcer,” no reason the promotion should be allowing Matt Taven to refuse to wrestle right before his match and substitute Vinny Marseglia in his place in a match with no notice, and no reason the company should seem to just shrug its shoulders every time someone cheats instead of booking some sort of follow-up match in an attempt to correct the injustice. There is also no reason that when someone like The Addiction or The Kingdom come out and whine about a conspiracy against them, that someone from management has never come out and explained to us why the heels claiming to be conspired against are wrong. If such a thing happened in any real sport, the league would immediately put out a statement of some sort.
This also ties in with things like consistent applications of the rules, and things like people actually thinking Brandi Rhodes would be allowed to just put on a referee’s shirt and become a sanctioned referee.
5. Good booking tells its stories in a consistent manner
If something is the story in the beginning of an angle, that story cannot change without some sort of precipitating factor on-screen. For example, this year’s story with SCU has been that Joe Koff announced that ROH would not be renewing SCU’s contracts because they were being giant assholes and attacking people and doing other such horrible things, and thus SCU were trying to win and keep championships so that when their contracts ran out at the end of the year they would have leverage over ROH to force ROH to resign them. Then, at some point over the summer, SCU suddenly started getting cheered and so the angle then became that we all want to see SCU win titles and not lose them so that these wonderful and talented wrestlers aren’t forced to leave ROH, with no one seeming to remember that the story was something else entirely a mere few months ago. These two realities are not compatible. If SCU have changed their ways then why hasn’t Koff come out and said so and said that ROH would be happy to resign such talented wrestlers? Not doing so basically makes Koff a heel authority figure, threatening to not resign guys simply because he holds a grudge against them.
Or take the case of the Gresham/Lethal Ironman match. During the match, the announcers kept trying to tell some sort of story that Gresham hurt his leg in their first match and “Gresham came back too early” for their second match because “you don’t get many chances to face a guy like Jay Lethal” and was thus not at 100% for their second match and this caused him to lose. The problem is that this story did not exist during their second match, as Gresham’s knee was not really mentioned as an issue and it was, in fact Lethal who came into the match with an unhealed injury that Gresham worked over. Furthermore, the idea that Gresham “came back early” for “the chance to face Jay Lethal” is contrary to the evidence because Gresham wrestled several matches for ROH in the month before that during which the injured knee was not an issue for him at all. The story build to the Lethal vs. Gresham Ironman match is thus exposed as something extremely clumsily imposed in hindsight and doesn’t even mesh with the continuity. And stuff like this, where the company either doesn’t think I am smart enough to remember something from a few months ago or they don’t care if I remember it or not and are just too lazy to make sure their own storylines fit the continuity is something that I do find very insulting as a viewer.
6. Good booking follows the rule of “show; don’t tell.”
Pro wrestling- both on the micro level of the individual match and the macro level of big-picture booking- is storytelling, so important rules of storytelling like “show; don’t tell” apply. If MCMG are “mentoring” young guys like Gresham, Rush Dijak, etc. then actually show me segments where MCMG mentor them. If Cody and Scurll’s arguing is supposedly causing problems for Bullet Club then show me it causing an actual problem with actual negative consequences, like causing them to lose a match. If Adam Page is becoming a main-event talent then treat him like a main eventer and actually let him wrestle a singles match main event.
“Show; don’t tell” also applies in other ways than just the obvious. They have been a bit better lately, but it was often the case over the past few years that unless it was a main eventer, we wouldn’t hear the wrestlers cut promos but would instead be informed of their feelings by the announcers. Second-hand promos are never as powerful because not only is it not the wrestler’s own words, but hearing and seeing the wrestler articulate his/her problems helps show us that these feelings are important simply by virtue of it being given the airtime (never mind helping wrestlers develop their promo skills).
Also- this one should be obvious but unfortunately in ROH in the past few years it hasn’t been- the storyline needs to mesh with the visual evidence we are being shown. If Colt Cabana is going to turn on Dalton Castle because he thinks Dalton Castle is causing their tag team to lose by spending too much time farting around with Boys during matches, then you need to actually have them lose some matches because Dalton is farting around with the Boys instead of paying attention.
7. Good booking follows up on events in a logical manner.
This obviously overlaps with some of the things I’ve said above, but, for example, if the Young Bucks are clearly trying to kick Cody out of Bullet Club at Supercard of Honor XII then there needs to be some follow-up with Cody and the Bucks that explains how Cody is still in Bullet Club. If the Briscoes try to choke Daniels to death with a chain, then there should be some sort of gimmick match booked. If Matt Taven is claiming to be the real ROH World Champion and attacks Jay Lethal from behind on a PPV, then Lethal should be demanding a match with Taven to get his revenge.
8. Good booking answers as many questions and closes as many logic holes as possible.
Just like in any non-comedic storytelling endeavor, the fewer times I am saying “wait, this doesn’t make sense because X,” the better the job you are doing. If you get paid to book a wrestling promotion, you should be doing a good enough job that things aren’t jumping out at me as not making sense on a frequent basis. And this goes for everything from what matches are being booked to why SCU would voluntarily put the ROH World Six-Man Tag Team Titles on the line against The Kingdom when their angle is that they need to remain champions to have leverage to force ROH to resign them (and why they never tried to use their rematch clause, or any other number of things).
9. I don’t really have a good heading for this one, but over the past few years, there have been a lot of stories that either kept dragging on without ever going anywhere or ideas that got pretty quickly recycled. This Cheeseburger vs. The Dawgs feud, the Josh Woods vs. Shane Taylor, and the Rebellion vs. Seek & Destroy feud are examples of the former, while examples of the latter include “Cody is a free agent and him winning the title would be bad,” Shane Taylor “changing his ways,” the entire existence of The Cabinet and The Rebellion (they spent months saying they were “protesting” not being given opportunities by ROH but never once did they elaborate on this, or did anyone from ROH ever try to argue that they were wrong with concrete examples), or heels complaining about a “conspiracy” against them (first The Addiction, and now The Kingdom). That sort of meandering on such a frequent basis is, to me, the sign of a struggling booker.
Thoughts?